C++ iterate into nested struct field with boost fusion adapt_struct

boost-fusion, c++, introspection, reflection, template-meta-programming

Solution

I made an example of what you want that you can see at my blog site. In this is case it's a JSON serializer that works with nested structs. It uses a 'more Boost' solution since I saw it in the Boost.Serialization library. (See also below and live on Coliru.)

The solution uses Fusion Sequence adaptation of structs and a metafunction that walks object members (recursively) - using Boost.TypeTraits and different traits for specific types.

You can see a more complex example of the same solution at the site for googlecode corbasim project for creating an run-time reflexive API.

Code listing for the generic JSON serializer:

See it Live on Coliru

#ifndef JSON_SERIALIZER_HPP
#define JSON_SERIALIZER_HPP

#include <boost/type_traits.hpp> // is_array, is_class, remove_bounds

#include <boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/identity.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/next_prior.hpp>

#include <boost/fusion/mpl.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/adapted.hpp> // BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT

// boost::fusion::result_of::value_at
#include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/value_at.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/value_at.hpp>

// boost::fusion::result_of::size
#include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/size.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/size.hpp>

// boost::fusion::at
#include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/at.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/at.hpp>

namespace json
{

// Forward
template < typename T >
struct serializer;

namespace detail
{

namespace iterator
{

template < typename S, typename N >
struct Comma
{
    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void comma(Ostream& os)
    {
        os << ", ";
    }
};

template < typename S >
struct Comma< S, typename boost::mpl::prior< typename boost::fusion::result_of::size< S >::type >::type >
{
    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void comma(Ostream& os)
    {
    }
};

// Iteracion sobre una estructura
template < typename S, typename N >
struct StructImpl
{
    // Tipo del campo actual
    typedef typename boost::fusion::result_of::value_at< S, N >::type current_t;
    typedef typename boost::mpl::next< N >::type next_t;
    typedef boost::fusion::extension::struct_member_name< S, N::value > name_t;

    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void serialize(Ostream& os, const S& s)
    {
        os << "\"" << name_t::call() << "\": ";
        ::json::serializer< current_t >::serialize(os, boost::fusion::at< N >(s));

        // Insert comma or not    
        Comma< S, N >::comma(os);

        StructImpl< S, next_t >::serialize(os, s);
    }
};

// Fin de la iteracion sobre estructuras.
template < typename S >
struct StructImpl< S, typename boost::fusion::result_of::size< S >::type >
{
    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void serialize(Ostream& os, const S& s)
    {
        // Nada que hacer
    }
};

// Iterador sobre una estructura. Template fachada.
template < typename S >
struct Struct : StructImpl< S, boost::mpl::int_< 0 > > {};

} // iterator

template < typename T >
struct array_serializer 
{
    typedef array_serializer< T > type;

    typedef typename boost::remove_bounds< T >::type slice_t;

    static const size_t size = sizeof(T) / sizeof(slice_t);

    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void serialize(Ostream& os, const T& t)
    {
        os << "[";
        for(size_t idx=0; idx<size; idx++)
        {
            ::json::serializer< slice_t >::serialize(os, t[idx]);
            if (idx != size-1)
                os << ", ";
        }
        os << "]";
    }

};

template < typename T >
struct struct_serializer 
{
    typedef struct_serializer< T > type;

    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void serialize(Ostream& os, const T& t)
    {
        os << "{";
        iterator::Struct< T >::serialize(os, t);
        os << "}";
    }
};

template < typename T >
struct arithmetic_serializer 
{
    typedef arithmetic_serializer< T > type;

    template < typename Ostream >
    static inline void serialize(Ostream& os, const T& t)
    {
        os << t;
    }
};

template < typename T >
struct calculate_serializer
{
    typedef
        typename boost::mpl::eval_if< boost::is_array< T >,
            boost::mpl::identity< array_serializer < T > >,
        //else
        typename boost::mpl::eval_if< boost::is_class< T >,
            boost::mpl::identity< struct_serializer < T > >,
        //else
            boost::mpl::identity< arithmetic_serializer < T > >
        >
        >::type type;

};

} // detail

template < typename T >
struct serializer : public detail::calculate_serializer < T >::type
{
};


} // json

#endif // JSON_SERIALIZER_HPP

//#include "json.hpp"
#include <iostream>

struct my_other_struct
{
    int my_other_integer;
};

struct my_struct
{
    int my_integer;

    typedef int my_array_t[2];
    my_array_t my_array;

    typedef my_other_struct my_other_structs_t[3];
    my_other_structs_t my_other_structs;
};

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(my_struct, (int, my_integer) (my_struct::my_array_t, my_array) (my_struct::my_other_structs_t, my_other_structs))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(my_other_struct, (int, my_other_integer))


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    my_struct s1 = my_struct { 1, { 42, -42 }, { { 11 }, { 22 }, { 33 } } };

    json::serializer< my_struct >::serialize(std::cout, s1);

    std::cout << std::endl;
}

Problem

Two stackoverflow answers suggest the approach using fusion adapt_struct to iterate over struct fields. The approach looks nice. However, how do you iterate into a field which itself is a struct? Following the previous answers, I come up with the code below. The problem is at the "#if 0" clause the code does not compile. As an alternative solution I created "decode()" function to take a void pointer to the target argument. That works, but loses the type information at compile time. Is there a better solution? ``` struct Foo_s { int i; }; BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT( Foo_s, (int, i) ) struct Bar_s { int v; Foo_s w; }; BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT( Bar_s, (int, v) (Foo_s, w) ) struct AppendToTextBox { template <typename T> void operator()(T& t) const { int status = 0; const char *realname = abi::__cxa_demangle(typeid(t).name(), 0, 0, &status); printf(" typename: %s value: %s realname: %s\n", typeid(t).name(), boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(t).c_str(), realname); std::string rn(realname); if ( rn.rfind("_s") == rn.size()-2 ) { #if 0 /* this can not compile */ for_each(t, AppendToTextBox()); #else decode(&t, rn); #endif } } }; void decode(void *f, std::string & intype ) { if ( intype.find("Foo_s") == 0 ) for_each( *(Foo_s *)f, AppendToTextBox()); }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Bar_s f = { 2, { 3 } }; for_each(f, AppendToTextBox()); return 0; } ``` I have seen on wikipedia instead of passing a type string "intype" you can use typeid and dynamic_cast. But that will only be a minor improvement. I'm looking for a solution that is more intrinsic to C++ or boost language design.

Original source

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