list_entry in Linux

c, linux, linux-kernel

Solution

Consider two structs like this:

struct data {
    int something;
};

struct container {
    int something_before;
    struct data data_item;
    int something_after;
};

Assume you have a pointer to a `struct data` value:

struct data *data_ptr;

The `list_entry()` macro helps you to convert `data_ptr` to a pointer to the `struct container` value that holds the `struct data` value, pointed to by `ptr`:

struct container *cont_ptr = list_entry(data_ptr, struct container, data_item);

The macro works by computing the offset of `data_item` inside the `struct container`, and subtracting that many bytes from the `data_ptr` pointer. This, when cast to `struct container *`, gives a valid pointer to the `struct container` that holds this particular `struct data` "inside".

The macro can also be simplified a bit by using the builtin `offsetof()` macro:

#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    ((type *)((char *)(ptr) – offsetof(type, member)))

Problem

``` user/include/linux/list.h ``` this declaration: ``` #define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \ ((type *)((char *)(ptr) – (unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member))) ``` can somebody please explain what is this and how does it work, thanks in advance P.S. please simplify your answer as much as possible, I know about threads, processes in Linux, now I'm exploring possibilities and I'm a little bit stuck with this one.

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