Why StringBuilder when there is String?

java, string, stringbuilder

Solution

`String` does not allow appending. Each method you invoke on a `String` creates a new object and returns it. This is because `String` is immutable - it cannot change its internal state.

On the other hand `StringBuilder` is mutable. When you call `append(..)` it alters the internal char array, rather than creating a new string object.

Thus it is more efficient to have:

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i ++) {
    sb.append(i);
}

rather than `str += i`, which would create 500 new string objects.

Note that in the example I use a loop. As helios notes in the comments, the compiler automatically translates expressions like `String d = a + b + c` to something like

String d = new StringBuilder(a).append(b).append(c).toString();

Note also that there is `StringBuffer` in addition to `StringBuilder`. The difference is that the former has synchronized methods. If you use it as a local variable, use `StringBuilder`. If it happens that it's possible for it to be accessed by multiple threads, use `StringBuffer` (that's rarer)

Problem

I just encountered `StringBuilder` for the first time and was surprised since Java already has a very powerful `String` class that allows appending. Why a second `String` class? Where can I learn more about `StringBuilder`?

Original source

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