SQLAlchemy - performing a bulk upsert (if exists, update, else insert) in postgresql

flask-sqlalchemy, postgresql, python, sqlalchemy

Solution

There is an upsert-esque operation in SQLAlchemy:

`db.session.merge()`

After I found this command, I was able to perform upserts, but it is worth mentioning that this operation is slow for a bulk "upsert".

The alternative is to get a list of the primary keys you would like to upsert, and query the database for any matching ids:

# Imagine that post1, post5, and post1000 are posts objects with ids 1, 5 and 1000 respectively
# The goal is to "upsert" these posts.
# we initialize a dict which maps id to the post object

my_new_posts = {1: post1, 5: post5, 1000: post1000} 

for each in posts.query.filter(posts.id.in_(my_new_posts.keys())).all():
    # Only merge those posts which already exist in the database
    db.session.merge(my_new_posts.pop(each.id))

# Only add those posts which did not exist in the database 
db.session.add_all(my_new_posts.values())

# Now we commit our modifications (merges) and inserts (adds) to the database!
db.session.commit()

Problem

I am trying to write a bulk upsert in python using the SQLAlchemy module (not in SQL!). I am getting the following error on a SQLAlchemy add: ``` sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError: (IntegrityError) duplicate key value violates unique constraint "posts_pkey" DETAIL: Key (id)=(TEST1234) already exists. ``` I have a table called `posts` with a primary key on the `id` column. In this example, I already have a row in the db with `id=TEST1234`. When I attempt to `db.session.add()` a new posts object with the `id` set to `TEST1234`, I get the error above. I was under the impression that if the primary key already exists, the record would get updated. How can I upsert with Flask-SQLAlchemy based on primary key alone? Is there a simple solution? If there is not, I can always check for and delete any record with a matching id, and then insert the new record, but that seems expensive for my situation, where I do not expect many updates.

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