Finding bridges in graph without recursion

algorithm, graph, recursion

Solution

You want to make a "stack frame" structure

struct Frame {
    Frame(int v, int p, int i, Label label);
    int v;
    int p;
    int i;
};

// constructor here

and, as you say, a `stack<Frame>`. Between all of these fields, it's possible to simulate the call stack (untested code to give the general idea).

void dfs(int v, int p = -1) {
  stack<Frame> st;
  st.push(Frame(v, p, 0));
  do {
    Frame fr(st.top());
    st.pop();
    v = fr.v;
    p = fr.p;
    int i(fr.i);
    if (i > 0) {
      int to(g[v][i - 1]);
      fup[v] = min(fup[v], fup[to]);
      if (fup[to] > tin[v]) { printf("%d %d", v, to); }
      if (i == g[v].size()) { continue; }
    } else if (i == 0) {
      used[v] = true;
      tin[v] = fup[v] = timer++;
    }
    int to(g[v][i]);
    if (to == p) { continue; }
    if (used[to]) {
       fup[v] = min(fup[v], tin[to]);
    } else {
       st.push(Frame(to, v, 0));
    }
    st.push(Frame(v, p, i + 1));
  } while (!st.empty());
}

Problem

I have this code to find bridges in a connected graph: ``` void dfs (int v, int p = -1) { used[v] = true; tin[v] = fup[v] = timer++; for (size_t i=0; i<g[v].size(); ++i) { int to = g[v][i]; if (to == p) continue; if (used[to]) fup[v] = min (fup[v], tin[to]); else { dfs (to, v); fup[v] = min (fup[v], fup[to]); if (fup[to] > tin[v]) printf("%d %d", v, to); } } } ``` How to rewrite it without using recursion? I know, it's possible to do it and I should use stack, but this line must be executed after recursive call of dfs() and I can't achieve with a stack: ``` fup[v] = min(fup[v], fup[to]) ``` So, how to rewrite my algorithm iteratively?

Original source

Related problems