Mac solution for "safe" alternatives to "unsafe" C/C++ Standard Library functions?
c, gcc, macos
Solution
SUMMARY: on Mac, there are several APIs and compiler options that provide safer alternatives to C Standard Library functions. Here are some of them compared with Microsoft's "safe" APIs:
C MSVC PROVIDERS MAC SOLUTION
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fopen fopen_s C none, assume fopen is safe
vfprintf vfprintf_s GCC GCC_WARN_TYPECHECK_CALLS_TO_PRINTF(1)
vsprintf vsprintf_s GCC, C99 GCC_WARN_TYPECHECK_CALLS_TO_PRINTF, vsnprintf(2)
sprintf sprintf_s GCC, C99 GCC_WARN_TYPECHECK_CALLS_TO_PRINTF, snprintf(3)
strncpy strncpy_s BSD strlcpy(4)
strcpy strcpy_s BSD strlcpy
strcat strcat_s BSD strlcat(5)
(1) `GCC_WARN_TYPECHECK_CALLS_TO_PRINTF` is an XCode configuration option which corresponds to the GCC command-line option `-Wformat`. This option produces compiler warnings of disagreement between argument types and static format strings. There are a variety of other options to control GCC's treatment of format strings. You can even use GCC's `format` function attribute to enable format string checking on your own functions.
(2) `vsnprintf` and (3) `snprintf` are from the C99 version of the C Standard Library (available in GCC on Mac but not in MSVC on Windows).
(4) `strlcpy` and (5) `strlcat` are BSD library functions, available on Mac.
Problem
What's the best one-stop-shop "safe" C library solution on the Mac? I use quotes on "safe"/"unsafe" because there is much debate as to the benefits of certain Standard Library functions or their putatively improved alternatives. Many traditional Standard C Library functions (e.g., `vfprintf`) are considered to be unsafe due to the potential for buffer overflow or other security problems. On Windows, the Microsoft C/C++ compilers provide the "_s" functions (e.g., `vfprintf_s`) as a safer alternative to the standard library calls. These functions are not drop-in replacements since they have the different signatures necessary to provide additional safety information (e.g., buffer length). They also provide other features such as invalid format string detection, different file security, etc. As far as I know, this implementation is not available on the Mac. Does Apple (or a third party) provide anything similar for use with GCC on OSX? In particular, I'm looking for "safe" implementations of at least the following functions: `fopen vfprintf vsprintf sprintf strncpy strcpy strcat` Please note: This question is about the Mac. I am NOT asking for your opinions about Microsoft's implementation (unless it's available on the Mac.) Although some of these functions might be easy to write myself, not all are. I am NOT asking how to write these myself. I'm NOT asking for tips on how to use STL classes to do this. I'm NOT asking how to turn off warnings. My particular needs are very specific. I'm trying to identify a best-practice Mac API that is as similar as possible to the traditional C library calls while adding safety. Of course a portable implementation that works on Mac and Windows (and other operating systems) would be even better.