Select specific columns from table in SQLAlchemy

I'm trying to select specific columns from a table like this: ``` users = Table('users', metadata, autoload=True) s = users.select([users.c.email]) results = s.execute() print results ``` and I'm getting this error: ``` > Traceback (most recent call last): File "my_mailer.py", line 35, in > <module> > s = users.select([users.c.email]) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/sql/selectable.py", line 175, in select > return Select([self], whereclause, **params) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/sql/selectable.py", line 2082, in __init__ > self._whereclause = _literal_as_text(whereclause) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 2745, in > _literal_as_text > "SQL expression object or string expected." sqlalchemy.exc.ArgumentError: SQL expression object or string > expected. ``` So I tried this: ``` users = Table('users', metadata, autoload=True) s = users.select('email') results = s.execute() print results ``` And got this in response: ``` > Traceback (most recent call last): File "my_mailer.py", line 36, in > <module> > results = s.execute() File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/sql/base.py", line 124, in execute > return e._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1605, in > _execute_clauseelement > return connection._execute_clauseelement(elem, multiparams, params) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 761, > in _execute_clauseelement > compiled_sql, distilled_params File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 874, in > _execute_context > context) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1023, in _handle_dbapi_exception > exc_info File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 185, in raise_from_cause > reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 867, in > _execute_context > context) File "/task/__pips__/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 388, in do_execute > cursor.execute(statement, parameters) sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (ProgrammingError) argument of WHERE > must be type boolean, not type character varying LINE 3: WHERE email ``` Sure enough, the first argument here is the 'whereclause', not 'columns' like everywhere else, this is reflected in the documentation: This argument is not present on the form of select() available on Table. Question: how can I select only specific columns using select on the table? And generally, why on earth the columns argument is not available on select on the table? I can't understand why somebody made the decision to make this different than the standard select.