Flask SQLAlchemy querying a column with "not equals"

Question

I can query my `Seat` table for all seats where there is no invite assigned: ``` seats = Seat.query.filter_by(invite=None).all() ``` However, when querying for all seats that have an invite assigned, I get a `NameError`: ``` seats = Seat.query.filter_by(invite!=None).all() ``` ``` NameError: name 'invite' is not defined ``` Here is my `Seat` class: ``` class Seat(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) invite_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('invite.id')) invite = db.relationship('Invite', backref=db.backref('folks', lazy='dynamic')) ``` How can I query for all seats where the owner is not blank?

Accepted Answer

The `filter_by()` method takes a sequence of keyword arguments, so you always have to use `=` with it.

You want to use the `filter()` method which allows for `!=`:

```
seats = Seat.query.filter(Seat.invite != None).all()
```

Flask SQLAlchemy querying a column with "not equals"

Solution

Problem