How do you tell LSHIFT apart from RSHIFT in WM_KEYDOWN events?

Question

According to MSDN, `wParam` should hold the key code. The problem is, when pressing Shift, the key code is 16 (`VK_SHIFT`), but I need to distinguish between `VK_LSHIFT` and `VK_RSHIFT`. For `VK_CONTROL`, there seems to be a workaround: ``` if (wParam == VK_CONTROL) { if (lParam & EXTENDED_KEYMASK) wParam = VK_RCONTROL; else wParam = VK_LCONTROL; } ``` However, the same won't work for `VK_SHIFT`: ``` if (wParam == VK_SHIFT) { if (lParam & EXTENDED_KEYMASK) wParam = VK_RSHIFT; else wParam = VK_LSHIFT; } ``` In the latter example, it will just always assume LSHIFT.

Accepted Answer

To distinguish between the left and right versions of the Shift, Ctrl, or Alt keys, you have to use the `MapVirtualKey()` function or the 'extended key' bit in the lParam passed with the virtual key's message. The following function will perform that translation for you - just pass in the virtual keycode and the lParam from the message, and you'll get back the left/right specific virtual keycodes as appropriate:

```
WPARAM MapLeftRightKeys( WPARAM vk, LPARAM lParam)
{
    WPARAM new_vk = vk;
    UINT scancode = (lParam & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
    int extended  = (lParam & 0x01000000) != 0;

switch (vk) {
    case VK_SHIFT:
        new_vk = MapVirtualKey(scancode, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX);
        break;
    case VK_CONTROL:
        new_vk = extended ? VK_RCONTROL : VK_LCONTROL;
        break;
    case VK_MENU:
        new_vk = extended ? VK_RMENU : VK_LMENU;
        break;
    default:
        // not a key we map from generic to left/right specialized
        //  just return it.
        new_vk = vk;
        break;    
    }

return new_vk;
}
```

If the virtual keycode passed in isn't one that maps to a left/right version, the original keycode is passed back unchanged. So you can just run the `WM_KEYDOWN`/`WM_KEYUP`/`WM_SYSKEYDOWN`/`WM_SYSKEYUP` message parameters through the function whenever you need to distinguish between the left and right variants.

By using `MapVirtualKey()` you don't need to know the lore about the left-shift and right-shift scancodes being 0x2a and 0x36 - the API takes care of that detail. And if they ever do happen to be different (not that that will ever really happen), Windows will be responsible for dealing with it, not you.

So in your `WM_KEYDOWN`/`WM_KEYUP`/`WM_SYSKEYDOWN`/`WM_SYSKEYUP` handlers you just have to add a line of code that looks like:

```
wparam = MapLeftRightKeys(wparam, lparam);
```

and the rest of your code can act on the left/right-specific VK codes as if the system message just gave them to you in the first place.

How do you tell LSHIFT apart from RSHIFT in WM_KEYDOWN events?

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