python dict.update vs. subscript to add a single key/value pair

dictionary, python

Solution

A benchmark shows your suspicions of its performance impact appear to be correct:

$ python -m timeit -s 'd = {"key": "value"}' 'd["key"] = "value"'
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0741 usec per loop
$ python -m timeit -s 'd = {"key": "value"}' 'd.update(key="value")'
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.294 usec per loop
$ python -m timeit -s 'd = {"key": "value"}' 'd.update({"key": "value"})'
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.461 usec per loop

That is, it's about six times slower on my machine. However, Python is already not a language you'd use if you need top performance, so I'd just recommend use of whatever is most readable in the situation. For many things, that would be the `[]` way, though `update` could be more readable in a situation like this:

configuration.update(
    timeout=60,
    host='example.com',
)

…or something like that.

Problem

Every semester I have at least one Python student who uses `dict.update()` to add a single key/value pair, viz.: ``` mydict.update({'newkey':'newvalue'}) ``` instead of ``` mydict['newkey'] = 'newvalue' ``` I don't teach this method and I don't know where they're finding examples of this, but I tell them not to do it because it's less efficient (presumably creates a new 2-element dict) and because it's nonstandard. But is that correct? Honestly, I can understand the desire to use a visible method rather than this syntax - it perhaps feels more consistent with other method calls. But I think it looks like a newbie approach.

Original source