C++ OpenGL wireframe cube rendering blank
c++, glew, glfw, opengl, pointers
Solution
The "default" projection is essentially `glOrtho(-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1)` with the camera at `(0,0,0)` looking down the -Z axis.
Move the camera back:
const char* vertexSource =
"#version 150\n"
"in vec3 position;"
"void main() {"
" gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z - 0.9, 1.0);"
"}";
And make your object smaller:
float vertices[] = {
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z)
1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z)
1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z)
1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z)
};
size_t vertCount = sizeof( vertices ) / sizeof( float );
for( size_t i = 0; i < vertCount; ++i )
{
vertices[i] /= 2.0f;
}
Complete:
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/glfw.h>
#include <cstdlib>
const char* vertexSource =
"#version 150\n"
"in vec3 position;"
"void main() {"
" gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z - 0.9, 1.0);"
"}";
const char* fragmentSource =
"#version 150\n"
"out vec4 outColor;"
"void main() {"
" outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);"
"}";
void initializeGLFW()
{
glfwInit();
glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_VERSION_MAJOR, 3 );
glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_VERSION_MINOR, 2 );
glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE );
glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_WINDOW_NO_RESIZE, GL_TRUE );
glfwOpenWindow( 800, 600, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, GLFW_WINDOW );
glfwSetWindowTitle( "OpenGL" );
}
int main()
{
initializeGLFW();
// Initialize GLEW
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glewInit();
// Create Vertex Array Object
GLuint vao;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
// Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it
GLuint vbo;
glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo );
float vertices[] =
{
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z)
1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z)
1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z)
-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z)
1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z)
};
size_t vertCount = sizeof( vertices ) / sizeof( float );
for( size_t i = 0; i < vertCount; ++i )
{
vertices[i] /= 2.0f;
}
GLuint indices[] =
{
0, 1,
1, 2,
2, 3,
3, 0,
4, 5,
5, 6,
6, 7,
7, 4,
0, 4,
1, 5,
2, 6,
3, 7
};
glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo );
glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW );
// Create and compile the vertex shader
GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER );
glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL );
glCompileShader( vertexShader );
// Create and compile the fragment shader
GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER );
glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL );
glCompileShader( fragmentShader );
// Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program
GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader );
glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader );
glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" );
glLinkProgram (shaderProgram);
glUseProgram( shaderProgram);
// Specify the layout of the vertex data
GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" );
glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib );
glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 );
// Main loop
while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED))
{
// Clear the screen to black
glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
// Draw lines from 2 vertices
glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices );
// Swap buffers
glfwSwapBuffers();
}
// Clean up
glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram );
glDeleteShader( fragmentShader );
glDeleteShader( vertexShader );
//glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo );
glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo );
glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao );
glfwTerminate();
exit( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}
Problem
I'm just trying to draw a bunch of lines that make up a "cube". I can't for the life of me figure out why this is producing a black screen. The debugger does not break at any point. I'm sure it's a problem with my pointers, as I'm only decent at them in regular c++ and in OpenGL it gets even worse. ``` const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); //glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( indices ), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); } ``` EDIT: Full code trying the first answer's recommendation. Still blank. ``` #define GLEW_STATIC #include <GL/glew.h> #include <GL/glfw.h> #include <iostream> #pragma comment( lib, "glfw.lib") #pragma comment( lib, "opengl32.lib") #pragma comment( lib, "glew32s.lib") const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z - 0.9, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; void initializeGLFW(); int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; size_t vertCount = sizeof( vertices ) / sizeof( float ); for( size_t i = 0; i < vertCount; ++i ) { vertices[i] /= 2.0f; } GLubyte indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, vertices ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, 24, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); } void initializeGLFW() { glfwInit(); glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_VERSION_MAJOR, 3 ); glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_VERSION_MINOR, 2 ); glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE ); glfwOpenWindowHint( GLFW_WINDOW_NO_RESIZE, GL_TRUE ); glfwOpenWindow( 800, 600, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, GLFW_WINDOW ); glfwSetWindowTitle( "OpenGL" ); } ```