In the Google analytics tracking code, why do they use a closure

closures, javascript

Solution

It would work the same, but it could easily break other scripts on your page, if you've declared a variable with an identifier used in the Google code.

By wrapping the declaration in a closure, the variables are scoped to the anonymous function and don't leak to the global scope.

For example, consider this example with the new scope:

var ga = "something important for my script"; // Not overwritten in this scope

(function() {
   var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
   ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
   var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();

And this example without it:

var ga = "something important for my script"; // Overwritten!

var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);

Problem

Original source